IRUPA-IRU-PAHTU^*

OF

ST. ARUL NANDI SIVACHARIAR.

[* This is the only other work of St. Arul Nandi Sivacharya, besides his famous Sivajnana Siddhiyar, which we possess. Irupa Irupahtu means 20 verses of two different metres, consisting of Venba and Agavalpa. The whole work only consists of 20 verses, but the author brings out in this short compass in a series of puzzles addressed to his teacher, all his vast learning and erudition.]

INVOCATION.

        The Third Eye and Throat of shining blue concealed,

        To rid the ills of man on earth did come

        Meikandan of Tiruvennai Nallur,

        To see him once will make God and seer one.

 

NOTE.

    God appears as man to save the souls of men in the order of Sakalars. His grace is manifested otherwise to the orders of Pralayakalars and Vijnakalars. The author identifies his guru Meikandan with God; and as such, to see him is to see God and become one with Him.

2. How did Pasa cover the soul when God is the Soul of souls?

        Like unto the Sun on wide earth

        Oh Meikanda Deva of Vennai

        Me who is shut up in darkness

        Thou didst lift up and plunge in Bliss

        One question I long prayed to put

        Thou didst stand as one with myself

        How did ignorance cover me?

        If mala's connection, Thou sayst,

        Then Thou didst stand apart from me.

        If otherwise then wonder it is,

        As Thou art the foe of untruth.

        And Thou will not deserve the names

        The Pure, Amalan and Jyoti.

        The Ever Free and supreme of supreme.

        If Thou lightest my soul apart

        Then Thy Presence in all and my

        Union with Thee will be impaired,

        Oh Lord! The Truth of Devaram

        That Thou art air and earth and fire

        And the rest will not be a fact.

 

        Therefore Thou be pleased to declare

        If I am one with Thee or not.

        Don't be displeased, as I am stupid.

        "You err; we as guru do note

        Who is fit and is not" Thou sayst.

        If unfit, I can't understand

        If fully fit, then Thy teaching

        Will not be needed by me, Sir

        If my fitness brings Thee to me,

        It cannot, as it is Jada;

        If not, then it cannot be true

        That Thou hast none equal to Thee

        The Triple Mala is Jada,

        The soul from youth to old doth change;

        And Thou art Pure; to whom is it

        Maturity doth come indeed?

        If this be the ridding of Pasa

        When in man knowledge doth arise,

        Then do I forget sure enough

        That there is none to equal Thee.

        If I rid myself of Pasa

        Or Pasa rids itself of me,

        Then there is no need for Thy Reign.

        But it can't be, as the saying is

        "Who can see if he is not shown"

        "Then know what Truth The King did hear

        The ways of God's grace are endless

        Endless is His glory if told,

        So don't ask."

 

NOTE.

    This brings out in a series of most puzzling questions, how God is immanent in all nature and in man and yet is untainted and transcendent, and without whose Will and Power no evolution and salvation is possible.

    The reference in the last lines is to the famous lines in St. Jnanasambantha's Devaram sung before the great Pandyan being, whom he cured of his fever.

3. Pasu Lakshana.

        As I am united to Jnan and Ajnan

        Please ponder well and deign to enlighten

        How if I am Jnana or Ajnana

        So that I can understand without doubt

 

    The answer is that the Soul is neither the one nor the other but it is chitachit or satasat and in union with both, and becoming one with Pasa in bandha, and one with God in Moksha.

4. Pasu Lakshana.

        

        Of the Triple mala, their gun

        If shown – Vikalpa, Sankalpa

        Krodha, Moha, and Arish

        Vishada, Madha and Arish

        These eight belong to Anava.

        Ajnan, Asatyam, illusion

        Moha and its concealment

        Marcharya and Bhaya, these seven

        To Maya belonged Thou didst declare.

        Motion, lying down, and Punya

        Marcharya and Bhaya, these seven

        To Maya belonged Thou didst declare.

        Motion, lying doen, and Punya

        And Papa, and getting rid

        Of bonds, and abuse of others,

        These six are Karma's attributes

        All these ne'er leaving, do guide me

        Each its own way and do become

        My very self, and not allowed

        To have my own way, Oh my Lord

        Of Vennai Town girt by Pennar

        Thou did take name and form and place

        And rid me of my name and form,

        Oh Thou chief Jewel of Saivas

        And True to the Truthful! Thou sayst,

        The Triple Mala is Jada;

        Perhaps there was some slight mistake

        "It is Jada sure, but active becomes

        When united to you." If so,

        My clothes and things don't change when worn

        'It acts like poison and the like."

        If so, It must leave us when its

        Effects are over; nor could it

        Reach us, and we would not go near

        And Thou wilt not unite us two,

        As Thou art Ninmala. If said

        The union is natural,

        Then it will never leave us at all.

        Remove my doubts, and do explain

        How Pasa became attached to me

        O Lord without end or beginning!

 

 

 

 

NOTES.

    The connection of matter and Anavamala &c., with us is eternal like the rust in copper and husk and bran &c., in rice, and can be removed. It is Achit, Jada or not intelligent like the Soul. But the Soul's intelligence is of a different plane from that God.

    Vikalpa means distinction; Sankalpa, Proposing; Krodha, anger; Moham desire; Vishada, sorrow; Madha, egoism; Arusha, frivolity; Ajnana is mistaking one thing for another; Marcharya, enmity; Bhaya, fear.

5.    Before Thy Grace this darkness cannot stand.

    I Have no eye; how did I know this then.

    Oh Father, crowned with garland's fine, Oh king

    Of Vennai Town, deign to remove my doubts.

 

NOTES.

    The soul has no intelligence of its own; i.e., it is not self-luminous, like the eye itself, which can see in the light of the Sun or in lamp light, and is covered by darkness also; no darkness can dim the self-luminousness of the Lord. Though the Pancharatra system insists on the anutvam of the soul, yet it is surprising it calls the soul and God self-luminous (svayam-prakasa) at the same time, and attempt is made to prove it by a syllogism. (Vide Yatindra Mata Dipika, p. 120, A. Govindacharya Svamin's translation). If so, we should have to seek for another definition of Svayamprakasa.

    "It is by nature blissful (or essentially joyous); but infected by environment (upadhi), falls into migration." (vide Yatindra Mala Dipika, p.120) and yet this is self-luminousness.

    The answer to the riddle propounded in the text is that the soul does not perceive its bondage so long it is in bondage. It is only when it get rids of it, it understands by way of inference. As Saint Umapati beautifully puts it in his Tiruvarutpayan (Light of Grace) that the earthly darkness though it veils our eye shows itself, but Anava when covering us does not even show itself.

6.    With thy consort Whose face is like the moon

    To grant me bliss, In Vennai Thou didst rise

    And fill my heart and make it bright and show

    To me Thy endless Nature and mine own.

    And so, if my own truth and greatness 'am.

    To state, Oh Lord, to the ends of this earth,

    I did stand as the all of what I knew.

    And yet, Oh Chief, my whole in senses low

    Was merged; and sore confused five states I gained.

    Leaving, I died, and gained new birth, weigh well.

    If my presence in all, or my being merged

    In body, or sojourns in hell or Heaven

    Which of these three is my true state, say Lord.

    If out of nothing nothing comes is true

    Then same cannot be small and great at once.

    If this to souls in dwelling in elephant

    And ant be compared, this of body is

    True, not of intelligent soul. If said

    The soul doth cognize as per body it gained

    This can't be, as then I should know from where

    I left in long long succession from yore.

    Being the least of least and greatest of great

    Is privilege Thine and not mine, Oh Lord

    Ever sweet to me, be pleased to answer me.

 

NOTES.

    The truth is as stated by the author himself in his other work, the soul is neither Anu nor Vibhu in the true sense of these words, but its omnipresence extends to the whole of the particular thing it is united to at the time, on account of its nature of becoming one with whatever it is united to, which doctrine is no where set forth in any of the ordinary schools. In union with the body, though limited by the body, it is all over it, and its intelligence though perfect of its kind and pure finds play only so far as allowed by the particular body it dwells in. In union with God also, it becomes one with God, as a drop of ink dropped into a tumbler of water spreads through and through the whole body of water in the tumbler, and would even spread and spread in the whole body of the ocean water when dropped in it. The intelligence (Chaitanyam) of the soul and intelligence of God, though called by the same name, have nothing in common and belong altogether to different planes or centers. The author of Yatindramata Dipika and his forebears have been evidently misled by this verbal resemblance in propounding the syllogism, and in making the Intelligence of God, and that of man the same and self-luminous. But it the theory of Saivities as to the nature of the Deity of Yatindramata Dipika be accepted, then it will stand to reason that the intelligence of this Deity and the soul should be the same. The difficulties of the Vaishnava philosophy and system often lie connected with the particular Personality of God which they have set up as their Ideal, as for instance for their fondness for the term Saguna.

    Being Oure Chit, God knows no limitation and obstruction and His full and undivided Presence is felt in the least of the least and the greatest of the great. (Vide my Sivajnanabodham, pp. 30 to 32.)

    The five states are Jagra, Svapna, Sushupti, Turiyam and Turiyatitam, and the next verse has reference to this.

7.    Of these five states when I stand in the first

    The other four I do forget and could

    Not know even when I try to recollect.

    Oh Meykandadeva, how then these states?

 

NOTES.

    These states are endured by the soul owing to the change effected in the physical body itself, and the passage could not be understood directly but only by inference.

8.    What proof is there that I exist, O Truth

    Of Veonai girt by Pennar That didst show

    In Human form to make my sinful self

    Thy slave, O Rudra Pasupatih

    If by going through avasthas, I am known

    I do not know each and get rid of it.

    If this change be due to Time and the rest,

    Then I need not the help of Mal and Brahm

    One organ does not know the other one.

    If truth is known, one organ knows not the rest.

    "Jada, They are; To self is action due."

    If so, I must know how I act on them

    Enjoy when the organs are all joined, I can

    Perceive through only one sense at a time.

    Nor do I know how they cease in union.

    If said, I have no self-intelligence

    And understood with Thine, Thou hast become

    My organ, and Thy greatness will be lost

    Then I am Brahm, I need no Lord like Thee.

    Hear me Oh Father Oh my King,

    As in my presence, my own sense is nought

    I could know neither myself nor Thyself.

    Nor could I know in union with Thee

    Oh my rare Help; my Eye, The God of Gods

    Ocean of grace, how did I know myself?

 

NOTES.

    What proof is there that I subsist? In union with the senses and higher organs in Bandha I become merged in them, identify myself with them, and lose my sense of identity. In union with God itself, I cannot be conscious of myself nor of God. Is it not because of this that Buddhists and agnostics, and crypto-Buddhists and idealists have denied the separate existence of the soul. Neither in Bandha nor in Moksha, can the soul perceive itself or God with object consciousness, and it is only when this consciousness is lost and God-consciousness is obtained, the Sivanubhavam can be gained. In any state of object consciousness there is duality, and with duality God-consciousness cannot be attained.

 

9.    Oh Sea of Bliss, Sugarcane of Vennai

    My Eye! When I was merged in Muladar

    In body, which are tatvas which gave light?

    And untied to which did I gain light?

 

NOTES.

    See for detailed explanation in Siddhiyar, as to how the tatvas are united to the soul and how they influence the soul's progress at all stages. But for its evolution through this body composed of the tatvas, Pasatchaya cannot be secured, and they act like the fuller's earth, itself dirt, in cleansing dirt.

    The Hindu idealists pursue the same steps as the Siddhanta in distinguishing a spirit or soul or chaitanyam from the body and other material environments, and proceed straightaway to identify it with the supreme spirit, simply because similar names are used here and there without noting the decided way in which they are distinguished by the use of such terms as Isa and Anisa, Atma and Paramatma, and Purusha and Paramapurusha, and Jiva and Deva; and they are spoken of as two dwelling in the same cave.

10.    When I attained Karmasamya, Thou didst

    Remove my Mala and enter my heart

    Through grace. If so, Oh Desika, who didst

    Remove my Triple darkness, I should gain

    The High estate of becoming one with Thee

    Without being ever separated from Thee.

    If stated, Thou went not in me ere this

    Through presence of Triple Mala, then Lord,

    Freedom from evil, Thy lotus-foot not gained

    I become rooted still in its strong-hold.

    If one endures according to Prarabdha

    And Akamiya will not rise, if stated so,

    Then Triple Mala won't cease till body lasts.

    Then further gain and gain of Maya form.

    Without balance in works, one can't gain Thee,

    This ancient Dharma will hold good no more.

    Thou didst stand in my heart or Thou didst not

    This Mala perished or this happened not

    What shall I say? Say which of them is true

    Oh Lord of Vennai rich with watered fields

    Oh Meykandan, who assumed form with hands

    And feet to root out of me my misdeeds

    Who's free from sin, whose throat with poison's dark

    Who is my faultless Guru.

 

 

NOTES.

    God's touch is necessary to finally emancipate the soul. He is ever present in the soul, as ghee in milk, or the sun before a blind man. After the Guru's touch, Akamiya will not rise and the body will perish as darkness before light.

11.    My intelligence in Thee, why then

    It is by mala bound Oh Vennai's Truth.

    If in Thee, I won't merge in this; To both

    Can't hold; How am I then both Oh my Lord.

    

NOTES.

    The question is that though the soul's intelligence, will etc., cannot find play except in the Presence of God, and as such is entirely dependent on Him, how does the mala affect the soul at all? The answer is that the soul becomes one with whatever it is united to, and the Lord is ever in Advaita union with soul and its bhanda, and actuates them both and so that the soul can perform Karma and gain experience and gradually attain Karmasamya; when the soul's impurity and connection there to is thus removed, by its undying love and God's grace, then will it rest eternally in Bliss (Siva). The eye though in the presence of the sun cannot see, when covered by cataract, and the cataract itself has to mature before it can be removed by the surgeon's lancet.

12.    Oh Thou Meykandadeva! That didst rise

    In the world and grant me wisdom old and make

    My heart of lotus bloom and quarters eight

    Enshine, by lifting sure the darkness's shroud

    Oh Flawless ambrosia Oh Rock of Good.

    How's it Thou dwell'st in me at times and leav'st

    "I dwell in you when you think of Me, not

    When you don't. This My nature is" Thou say'st.

    Then servant at my call Thou dost become

    Thy omnipresent nature Thou dost lose.

    If said Thou with Thy shoulders eight, three eyed,

    Art present everywhere and yet Supreme

    And I do unite with Thee and return,

    Then it is as good as those from heat foot-sore

    Who do leave after rest again again

    Under the ornate shade of trees which have

    No like nor hate (for those same travellers).

    Thou dost shine when I think (though inseparate)?

    If in that state pitying my lowly self,

    Thou didst appear to me and veiled become

    This 'gainst Thy gracious Nature Lord, will go.

    More, word will pass they that gained Thee have births,

    And few will be Jnanis in this world.

    So if Thou think'st my questions fit and wouldst

    My doubts remove, then grace such answers which

    Will satisfy me, Oh That passeth speech.

 

NOTES.

    Our mind is mostly in an objective condition; but can rise to a pure subjective condition. So we can sink ourselves in God, and yet after a time return to ourselves. And God is one with us and different from us as mind and body( உயிரும் உடலும்), and sun and eye, and soul and soul's sense. And yet he is far away from those who do not love Him and yet at hand to his Bhaktas. In all these three ways, which is in fact one, as the commentators point out, is the soul standing in union and apart from God.

    The following Hymn from Devaram is quoted by the commentator which is too fine to be lost, and which we could not trace in the existing collections.

    பன்னிலூறும் பழத்திலுமின்சுவை

    யென்னிலூறி யெனக்கேகளிதரு

    முன்னில்முன்னு முனுவிடில்விட்டிடு

    மென்னுளீசன் இருந்தவியற்கையே.

 

    The Touch of song speech the taste of Fruit He is

    And gushes into me and gladness gives.

    If thought He comes in me, if not, He leaves

    This is the nature of God as in me.

 

    The last two lines are what our author evidently quotes, and the first two are thus expanded by St. Meykandan to illustrate God's omnipresence and Advaita nature.

    பண்ணியு மோசையும்போலப் பழமதுவு

    மெண்ணுஞ் சுவையும்போ லெங்குமாம் – அண்ணாறா

    ளத்துவிதமாதல் அருமறைகள் ஒன்றென்னா

    தத்துவித மென்றறையுமாங்கு.

 

    Like that of tune n song and taste in fruit

    It is everywhere Our gracious Lord, His Foot

    This Advaita, the rare Vedas, do say

    Is not one but Advaita it is alone.

 

13.    Though Thou art past all-knowing by my sense

    Thou wert pleased to grant me these organs all,

    True God! The body born along with me,    

    As real and otherwise Thou didst me show

    This is like tree cut down by the cowherd.

NOTES.

    The body and senses were given to the Soul for it to work out its Karma, as the lamp-light in darkness. When Our Lord appeared as Guru in our own guise, to redeem us, by showing that we are not this body and senses and these latter are unreal as a phantasm, then this lamp light and darkness all vanished into nothingness before this Jnana Surya. This unreality is on account of its transitoriness, and its vanishing is its losing its power to affect us without the entity itself being destroyed, and our author uses the expression elsewhere 'மாயாதே தன்சத்தி மாய்ந்து'.

Cf.    " கணத்திடைத்தோன்றி நின்று கழியுமென்றறிந்தொருக்கால்

     வணக்குறீரரனையென்றும் வானவர்வணங்கவைப்பன்."

 

    "For an instant it appears and lasts and dies the next instant.

    Knowing this, worship ye Hara with oneness of heart.

    He will make you the worshipped of the Gods.'

    'வாழ்வாவது மாயமிது மண்ணாவது திண்ணம்'

    "This life is a delusion. This (body) will be reduced to earth for sure."

    'இன்றுளேன் நாளையில்லேன்'

    'என்செய்வான் றென்றினே.'

    " I am here to-day and not tomorrow

    Oh why was I born at all."

 

14.    Removed were my bonds! Lo, I reached Thy Foot.

    Oh Lord so sweet who dwell'st in Heaven of Grace.

    And who didst teach I was Thyself, Self gained,

    Me who thought I was different from Thee!

    By the twin karma what am I to know?

    If good and bad resulting from those acts

    Of mind and body and speech they are deemed,

    These acts die instant and aren't worth a grain.

    Non-conscientious is cause and effect the same,

    How then do they affect me so at all?

    If due to me, the actions wont follow,

    And I wont act to merit Yama's wrath.

    And Thy own doing, there will nothing be.

    If Thou dost make me eat and store

    For future use, then for Yama no use.

    If you both act, one is enough for me,

    No two are needed so; Thy Lordship's gone.

    But Thine is Grace past measurement by speech.

    What's aught will never cease, not aught

    Come out of naught; whatever is will be.

    As this is true, one's stock enjoyed, there wont

    Be further need; while eating, seed arise

    Then will my thought alone induce Thy Grace!

    There isn't need for rule that we must give alms.

    How then do Karma and Karma bhanda

    That distress me so bad arise at all?

    Do please unfold to me Oh Siva Lord!

    The text which we have translated as

    "Who didst teach I was Myself, self-gained

    Me who thought I was different from Thee" is

    வேறின்றிருந்த வென்னையான்பெற

    வேறின்மைகண்டமெய்கண்டதேவ."

    

    This riddle which is at the foundation of the Siddhanta very few are able to comprehend. In verse 18, the statement is made தானுமாய் என்னையின்றாக்கி, தன்னையும் என்னையுந்தந்து."

    "His grace and Self shining alone

    And my low self, fully destroyed,

    And granting knowledge of me and self.

 

And in verse 20,

    ஒன்றாய்நின்றவந்நிலையில்

    ஒன்றாகாமல், இரண்டாகாமல்

    ஒன்றுமிரண்டு மின்றாகாமல்

    தன்னதுபெருமை தாக்கானாயினும்

    என்னதுபெருமை யெல்லாமெய்தித்

    தன்னையெனக்குத் தருவதையன்றியும்

    என்னையுமெனக்கேதந்து."

 

    (See lines 8 to 12 of the translation).

    St. Meykandan states the puzzle in two verses.

 

    "எவ்வுயிருந் தானென்னிலெய்துவாரில்லை தான்

    இவ்வுருவின் வேறேலிறையல்லன்"

    நசித்தொன்றினுள்ள நசித்தலலொன்றா

    நசித்திலதே லொன்றாவதில்லை-நசித்துமல

    மப்பனைந்த உப்பினுளமணைந்து சேடமாங்

    கப்பின்றாமீசன்கழல்.

 

    The state of the union of the soul in Mukti is called Oneness; but this oneness has to be distinguished from the Oneness' but this oneness has to be distinguished from the Oneness of Ekatmavadins. While the two unite, if the individuality of the one persists there can be no real union. If one perishes altogether, the union is meaningless. If all is God, there is no one to attain mukti. If anything other than God is postulated, His supremacy will suffer. How is the difficulty to be got over? The soul has to die, and yet to live to partake of the eternal bliss. The death here is of the soul's individuality, Karmic Ego, Ahankara, Anava, his objective knowledge and consciousness, which must perish or be merged completely, and the soul's personality will subsist free and unencumbered and feel the bliss or Svanubhava or Sivanubhava.

    "ஏகமாய்நின்றே
யிணையடிகளொன்றுணரப்

போகமாய்த்தான் விளைந்தபொற்பினான் – ஏகமாய்

உள்ளத்தின் கண்ணானான்."

 

    This is true Oneness, even in the language of grammarians as we have pointed out elsewhere. This is what saves our True Vedic and Agamic Philosophy from degenerating into pure Pantheism. As Mr. Armstrong observes, we shrink from Pantheism, not from dread of losing the Physical Universe in God but from dread of losing ourselves in God, as Pantheism only becomes deadly to vigorous religion and morality when it makes man's soul, man's self, a portion of God. We can understand our author's repeated statements, என்னையீன்றாக்கி
and என்னையுந்தந்து 'myself destroyed,' 'myself gained'. This gaining of our true self, this preservation of our personality is what is implied in the statement "முத்தியிலுமும்முதலுண்டு", and does not mean the preservation of Tripudi Jnana or the conscious perception of seer and seen, the knowledge of Jnana, Jneya and Jnana. For how is such a consciousness possible when self is destroyed, and Tatbodha is lost.

    Even the monism according to Western Idealsits or Psychologoists is not the absolute monism as understood by Indian Idealists. What they call one is the merging together of the subject and object, and they assert this can never be separated. This is the Siddhanti's Advaita or Ananya. In an article in the Monist (Jan. 1913), on Fichte's conception of God, the writer sets forth some of his conceptions. The all-embracing ideal is the ideal of unity, and all human effort can be regarded as a striving for unity and that all intellectual endeavor is an effort to bring about a harmony on subject and object, that when you seek to know anything, you try to make yourself one with it.

    "Really to know the nature of something other than yourself means to bring yourself into such intimate relations with it that you may almost be said to have become one with it. Furthermore, Fichte says, you try to effect this harmony by subordinating yourself, as it were, to the object. If you would know an object, you must submit yourself to it, must follow its leadings, must sink yourself in it. In putting the matter thus, Fichte is not doing justice to that more active aspect of the knowing process in which we prescribe conditions for nature, in our experiments, and ask leading questions of her. But even here our activity is preliminary to the more submissive attitude that Fichte is describing. In experiment we arrange, indeed, the conditions under which we are to observe; but in the observing itself we must lay outside our preconceived notions of what we are to see, must become for the time a mere seeing, must – in a highly significant sense – lose ourselves in the object.

    "Thus in at least two senses we may say that the search for knowledge is a search for unity. But the quest of unity is characteristic of other aspects of life besides that of intellectual endeavor. All that we ordinarily call the practical life of man, as Fichte also points out, is dominated by the effort to bring about a harmony of subject and object. In this case, however, he tells us, we achieve the harmony by compelling the object to conform to the subject. Whenever you attempt to secure any practical results in the outside world, what you are really trying to do is to compel that which is not yourself – some external object, some force of nature, the will of another individual – to conform to your will, to become a medium for the realization of your purpose. Now, the purpose that you wish to see accomplished is, for the time being, yourself; and when you try to realize it through any external means whatsoever, you are trying to bring a not-yourself into agreement with yourself, to effect the harmony of subject and object by making the object to conform itself to the subject.

    "Yet again, when we look at the esthetic side of life, we see the same striving to realize the ideal of unity. And this is true both of the creation and of the appreciation of works of art. The artist seeks to mould his objective material – words, tone, whatever it may be – into the form which shall express his purpose, seeks, that is, to make the object conform to the subject. On the other hand, the ideal of the form to the subject. On the other hand, the ideal of the appreciation of art, as distinguished from its creation, is the losing of the subject in the object. The sense of me and not-me disappears; the soul becomes one with the beautiful object."

    Our favorite illustration has all along been a person whose soul is absorbed in listening to music. (We have used the simile of the cool-bath in Sivajnanabotham p.107). The sense me and mine or consciousness is lost but feeling is present, and the latter will become more and more intense, as consciousness is lowered more and more. All pleasure will be lost when one begins to think that the music is good or bad, as consciousness is introduced. See also 'The paper on 'Advaita' in my 'Studies'.

    The arguments against the doctrine of karma could not be put more forcibly than in this verse.

    The acts of the mind, body and speech are what result in Papam and Punyam, and though they may appear to be evanescent, they induce other acts and results, and desire and Vasana are strengthened and these bind us more and more (Karma bhanda), though these acts may be said to be non-intelligent; and the Karmic Law is under the guidance and control of the supreme Law of Siva. Of course, man always attempts to choose and chooses the good in preference to the bad, and would avoid the unpleasant and evil if possible, but unfortunately his judgment clouded by Anava is always wrong. So, man is enjoined not to eat the fruit himself but obey God's Law and dedicate all his acts and thoughts to God, when this karma-bhanda cease altogether, and Karma Samya( இருவினையொப்பு) is attained.

15.    Oh King with lotus hands which hold the deer,

    Who dwellest on High-Walled Vennai Nallur

    Will past karma attach themselves to me

    Or I go out to unite with karma?

    And Thou doth not join me and karma both?

    What need is there for Thy Pure Grace, Oh Lord.

 

NOTES.

    As St. Meykandan points out, man and his karma act and react, attracted to each other as a piece of iron is by a magnet. But both would be life-less but for the Supreme Power of God acting on them both.

16.    I speak no sense being confused in mind,

    The duty of the great is to remain

    Unruffled in explaining one's sore doubts.

    If it is myself that unites with Thy Self

    Thy Nature rare transcends man's speech and thought.

    The body with seven Dhatus and nine holes

    Inside which pouring me and keeping bound

    Without escape, and freeing me of it,

    Induc'st Thou my Will and Jnan and act

    This Thy skill is a wonder great indeed.

    The good and bad that follow as result

    Of my own thoughts and words and acts, knows't Thou;

    And yet without transgression of law's bounds

    Without excess or shortness and fitting

    The place and time, Thou makest me eat

    Impartially, and hence Just art Thou named.

    The acts of the wise men are not confused

    The acts of the unwise are sure confused.

    The Karmic acts which fill through all Adhwas

    And do flow over, Thou didst remove and cleanse.

    What was it then that was removed when I

    In evil and good balanced did become?

    The acts done here whom then do they affect?

    If me, they can have no true power over sure.

    If not, is not protecting virtue greatness Thine?

    Oh apple of my eye, my soul's true soul!

    The King of Vennai, Meykandadeva!

    Do favour me that Grace whereby, in this

    Distressful frame, karma I might endure.

 

NOTES.

    The soul is ever in union with God, though it cannot comprehend Him in his bound condition, he becomes one with God as a salt crystal in a tumbler of water.

    The seven Dhatus are nerves, bones, brain, muscle, skin, blood, and semen; the nine holes are the two ears, two eyes and two nostrils with the organs of excretion and mouth.

    The adhvas meaning literally paths comprise mantra, Varna, Pada, Bhuvana, Tattva and Kala, which are higher evolutes of subtle matter, through which the soul has to ascend, after eating the fruits of karma, through all these ascents.

    By means of the Dikshas, the Guru purifies these adhvas by adhva and kala Chodana and cleanses the soul. And the pupil asks if Mala Vimochana is effected by the Guru, what is the necessity for attaining karma samya. The answer is that though he attains karmasamya, the cleansing cannot be perfected without the guru's touch. The further question is asked as to what remains to be eaten even after the Guru's touch. It is Prarabdha that remains till the body lasts. But to the Jivan mukta who has dedicated all his acts &c., to God, this Bhoga becomes God's Bhoga itself. Compare the verse in Unmeinerivilakkam."பாதகங்கள் செய்திடுனும்,&c." The pupil would insinuate that if he had yet to enjoy Prarabdha even after the Guru's touch, God's justice would be affected.

17.    To make them serve, to some Thou show'st the way;

    The rest are in Thy toils. Those dead to self

    By Thy Eye's Flash, to them Thou givest Thy self

    To others art concealed why Oh My Lord

    Full crowned with Honeyed cassia of Vennai.

 

NOTES.

    All are God's children, and yet some receive His favours and others are wallowing in death and birth. This inequality is the subject of discussion in this stanza. This is apparently so. His grace is acting on all; but each individual's karma and desert does not fit him to receive the grace of God in full. It is those matured souls that can deserve His Final grace. It is by our own self will, we shut out God, Who is ever with us and in us.

18.    My birth's real reason not perceived,

    The earth's great Lord I thought I was.

    Untruth for truth I did mistake;

    The earth's vain things I sought, not Him;

    In me He was concealed yet moved

    With me. And what concealed myself

    And Him, the sense of I and mine,

    He did perceive and follow me

    In bodies, births and in worlds all,

    Entering when I did and leaving when I left

    And endless fruit to me did cause

    According to law and without

    His leaving me, He did become

    My own servant and see the play

    Of my births and returns and stand

    One with myself my Father Lo!

    Filled with o'er-flowing Love He did

    In the Town of Grace appear and show

    How His Great Joy can be deserved

    And can destroy all world's untruth.

    He bore the name Meykandanath

    So that all sea girt world may know

    And soared over me in Him Concealed.

    His Grace and Self shining alone

    And my low self fully destroyed

    And granting knowledge of me and self

    His actionlessness and my own

    Want of all Power, He showed, my Lord

    What Wonder This in me does raise!

 

NOTES.

    This shows how God is ever with us, in sakala and suddha, ever working for our good as suits our condition. He follows us so close everywhere and anticipates and answers our wants and wishes that the author calls him a servant.

    And St. Sundara called God his friend who was with him even in his mischiefs. And yet how God soars high above all, transcendent, covering us fully in Him, merging us in His Glory and Bliss. The destruction fully of man's low individuality, though his personality is fully safeguarded has to be particularly noted. This the author points out in several places. There is complete subordination even in mukti; and the soul is alone capable of enjoying the unspeakable Bliss and is not entitled to any other powers of the Lord. God is actionless, as there is nothing objective to him and He has no attachment; and man can neither know nor act unless actuated by a higher power, as a consonant by a vowel. It is when the soul recognizes fully his powerlessness and submits his will to God and surrenders, his egoity will be destroyed.

19.    Me who am sinking in Dharm and Adharm

    The Lord whose throat did swallow poison dark

    From the black sea, Svetavana of Vennai

    In my own Form He came and saved with Grace.

 

 

NOTES.

    The self that is surrendered by the soul, The Tat Bhoda or Ahankara or Anava is the best offering of food (Naivethyam)
('தற்பபோதக் கவள மிடக்களித்துண்டு') to God, and this is the food which inducing both Papam (Adharma) and Punyam (Dharma) acts as a poison. This poison therefore when we transfer it to the Golden orb of the Sun (as in the Rig Veda Hymn), Hiranmaya Siva-surya, Bhargas, this showers ambrosia on us (மிடரேஅமிர்தம் பிலிற்றும்மே), while this poison has not effect on God Himself as He is 'வேண்டுதல் வேண்டாமையிலான்' (having no likes nor dislikes).

20.    Who is the One with them who did give up

    Relations, parents, wife, and everything else

    Who is far from them who are not like them,

    Who has no end nor any beginning,

    He did appear and my evil mind control

    Fixed firm, and held, my darkness and light lost;

    Without His entering me nor my leaving Pas

    By entering Him. In that state of being One,

    Which is not one, not dual nor neither,

    When though He did not give His greatness all,

    I did gain all the greatness which I could;

    And He gave me not himself but me too,

    And endless joy out of His sea of Bliss;

    And filled me in and out ever in separate

    And showed me such rare magnanimity

    And granted me the lotus of His Foot

    He is The Lord who is my King and Chief

    Of Vennai girt by Pennar of great Floods,

    And Meykandadeva, Protector sure,

    Whose Temple is His Gracce. He is the One

    Eye of all souls in this world that destroyed

    All my mala, when I Him did approach.

 

NOTES.

    It is only when we renounce all, family, wife, friends and glittering things of this vain world, which are, as if it were mere delusion so transitory and so elusive, that God gives Himself wholly to us; and St. Manickavachaka asks who is the better for the bargain.

    "தந்ததுன்தன்னை கொண்டதென்றன்னை

    சங்கரா வார்கொலோசதுரர்".

 

    "Thou gavest Thyself to me, and took me unto Thyself,

    Oh Sankara, who is the cleverer of the two".

 

    As we are always in God, there is no question of His coming to us or our going to Him. The advaita which is described as the state of Oneness, as the oneness of vowel and consonants, is further defined by his famous Phrase "ஒன்றாகாமல், இரண்டாகாமல் ஒன்றுமிரண்டுமின்றாகாமல்", neither one, nor two nor neither.

    The released soul is alone entitled to eternal Bliss and not to God's Powers of creation &c, as we have already pointed out. This is clearly enunciated in the concluding Sutras of Badarayana. (உயிர்தானும் சிவானுபவமொன்றினுக்கேயுரித்தே" (Siddhiyar) 'அருளாலயத்தன்.' His Grace of Sakti is the Temple wherein He dwells. This is the Parama Vyoma, Parama Akas, Chitakas, Paramalaya of the upanishats, identical with the Supreme Jnana Sakti who is said to be Siva's Sarira also. He dwells in Her, and She dwells in Him; and the soul dwells in them Both, and Both dwell in the soul. This is the mystery of mysteries.

    "உடையாளுன்றன் நடுவிருக்கும்

        உடையாள் நடுவுள் நீயிருத்தி

    அடியேன் நடுவுளிருவீரும்

        இருப்பது."

 

    The mistress dwells in midmost of Thyself

        Within the mistress centered dwellest Thou

    Midst of Thy servant if Ye Both do dwell. – (Dr.Pope)

 

    The Tamil commentary is by one Namasivaya Thambiran of Tiruvavaduturai Mutt and it is a most illuminating one.

 

THE END.

 

Hail to our Saint Arunandi Siva.

J. M. N